Photo Details: Male klipspringer (Oreotragus oreotragus) posing on rocky hillside, Mashatu Game Reserve, Tuli Block, Botswana.
Camera: Canon EOS Digital Rebel (300D); Lens: Canon 100-400 IS Zoom; Focal Length: 400mm; Shutter speed: 1/2000; Aperture: f5.6; ISO: 800.

Additional Info: The klipspringer (literal translation: "stone or rock jumper") is a small antelope (shoulder height about 60cm; weight 10 to 14kg) that lives on rocky outcrops and kopjes. This habitat restricts its distribution, so you're unlikely to see klipspringers in open grassland or savannah. In their chosen habitat, klipspringers are incredibly agile, with flat-tipped hoofs that allow them to bound up and down steep slopes and jump from rock to rock.

In the paper, Dundee University student Rachael Adams explains that a fluid fission-fusion sociey means simply that elephant family units are constantly being divided and reunited whilst, at the same time, the elephants are meeting different individuals on a daily basis. This requires advanced social organisation and high levels of communication. Communication is an essential aspect of social behaviour in elephants and this is achieved by the efficient use of all their senses, including tactile communication where they use their trunks, as in the picture above, taken in the Kruger National Park, South Africa.

While in Botswana's Tuli Block, an area that is home to hundreds of elephants, including large family groups, I shot some video of elephants communicating, mainly to record the sounds they make. Please go direct to YouTube to view the video (opens in new browser window).

The first portion shows an elephant group, clearly agitated about something, vocalising their feelings in no uncertain terms.. Then there're a few frames at the end of an ele obviously irritated by our presence.

Elephants make a wide range of sounds, including growls, trumpets, squeals, skrieks and low frequency vocalisations.